The Balance Sheet shows accumulated deficits and surpluses from previous years.

• A. It shows net income for the current year only
• B. Accumulated deficits and surpluses from previous years
• C. It reports cash flows
• D. It excludes prior year components

Answer: (B)

On a balance sheet you’re looking at the financial position at a single point in time, including the accumulated results of prior years that are carried forward in the equity (net position). Those accumulated deficits and surpluses from past years are the retained earnings (or equivalent for a government entity) that reflect what has been earned or incurred over time and not yet distributed. That’s why this statement is correct: the balance sheet shows the accumulated deficits and surpluses from previous years, not just the current year alone.

Current-year net income is reflected in the income statement and then flows into retained earnings, rather than appearing as a separate line item on the balance sheet for the current year. The balance sheet does not detail cash flows—that’s the role of the statement of cash flows. And prior-year components aren’t excluded; they’re embedded in the ending balance of equity/net position.